The political tree represents the way upwards. First you´ve to apply for the lowest office in one of the first 3 chambers. An office chair is given away by the person(s) directly above. You can get the highest office of a chamber due a vote of all members.
Now you can apply for one of the lower offices in the next level.
Any office will give you some privileges. For example you can modify laws, the percentage of taxes, or you get immunity. There are lots of possibilities, so have a look at the lists...
Regional level (6th chamber)
Sovereign
Archbishop - Court Councillor
Grand Inquisitor - Colonel - Privy Councillor
Town Council (4th chamber)
Church Authority(5th chamber)
Mayor
Bishop
Treasurer - Judge
Inquisitor - Prefect
Customs Master - Lease Master - Building Master
Deacon - Dungeon Master - Tax Collector
Town Servants (1st chamber)
Town Bailiffs (2nd chamber)
Informants (3rd chamber)
Council Assistant
Fencing Master
Council Informer
Town Clerk
Guardsman
Informer
Town Servant - Town Servant
Night Watchman - Night Watchman
Spy - Spy
(Thanks to Quboid for all the names out of the english version)